Which document outlines the foundational principles of the U.S government?

The Constitution is the document that outlines the foundational principles of the U.S. government. It establishes the framework for the national government, delineating the powers and responsibilities of each branch and detailing the relationship between the federal government and the states. The Constitution embodies essential principles such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism, which are crucial for maintaining a democratic governance structure.

In contrast, the Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document for the United States but were eventually deemed inadequate due to their lack of a strong central authority. The Declaration of Independence is a pivotal document that articulated the colonies' desire for independence from British rule and outlined the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness but does not function as a governing document. The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, ensuring specific individual rights and liberties but does not establish the government’s foundational structure. Thus, while each of these documents plays a significant role in U.S. history, the Constitution is the one that specifically details the foundational principles of governance.